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Languages of Luxembourg
The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is characterised by the practice and the recognition of three official languages: French, German, and the national language Luxembourgish, established in law in 1984. These three languages are also referred to as the three administrative languages.
Upon the founding of the country, French enjoyed the greatest prestige, and therefore gained preferential use as the official and administrative language. German was used in the political field to comment on the laws and the ordinances in order to make them comprehensible to everyone. At the primary-school level, teaching was limited to German, while French was taught in secondary education. The law of July 26, 1843, reinforced bilingualism by introducing the teaching of French in primary school.
==Luxembourgish==
Luxembourgish (''Lëtzebuergesch''), a Franconian language of the Moselle region similar to German and Dutch, was introduced in primary school in 1912. It is a Mosel-Frankish dialect like the dialects in Germany bordering Luxembourg. Unlike its German counterparts, it uses many French words and is officially deemed to be a national language rather than a German dialect. The formalization of regional German dialects into national languages arose from the desire to impress a distinct national identity, not associated with the German State. In Switzerland, written German was maintained, albeit with some differences in vocabulary, differing strongly from the spoken Swiss-German speech which the average German cannot understand. In Luxembourg, the dialect was phonetically transcribed into a new language, and while Luxembourgish and a mix of other different languages is spoken on the street, French is often the main language spoken next to German and sometimes Luxembourgish in shops or other commercial sites. This could be explained by the fact that the strength of a dialect can be an indicator of inferior social standing.
The first printed sentences in Luxembourgish appeared in 1821 in a weekly journal the ''Luxemburger Wochenblatt''. The first book in Luxembourgish was released in 1829 by Antoine Meyer: ''E' Schrek ob de' Lezeburger Parnassus''. Until the 1980s, the language had been used mainly for poetry and drama but has since become increasingly popular for fiction which now represents a significant contribution to Luxembourg literature. Between 2000 and 2002, the Luxembourgish linguist Jerome Lulling developed a lexical database of 185,000 word forms for the very first Luxembourgish spellchecker, thus launching the computerisation of the Luxembourgish language.
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